Magnetic separator



Aug. 25, 1959 v H, SPQDlG 2,901,108

MAGNETIC SEPARATOR Filed Dec. l2, 1956 nited States Patent i MAGNETIC SEPARATGR Heinrich Spodig, Bork, Westphalia, Germany Application December 12, 1956, Serial No. 627,807

Claims priority, application Germany December 12, 1955 6 Claims. (Cl. 209-219) The present invention relates to magnetic separators.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a magnetic separator which is adapted to separate magnetic particles from fluid media.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a magnetic separator which is capable of eciently separating magnetic particles from fluid and especially liquid in media.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a magnetic separator 'which may be built at very moderate cost.

The objects of the present invention also include the provision of a magnetic separator which is sturdy and which will give long periods of trouble-free service.

It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a magnetic separator which operates in such a manner as to require infrequent cleaning.

With the above objects in view the present invention mainly resides in a magnetic separator which includes a housing made of magnetic material and at least one roller arranged therein. The roller comprises a roller body made of magnetic material and formed with a pair of axially extending recesses which open in the opposite end faces of the roller body, respectively, and a pair of magnets each having opposite poles, the magnets being arranged in the recesses, respectively, in such a manner that the pole portions of like polarity face each other and are in physical contact with the roller body and that the pole portions of the opposite polarity are out of physical contact with the roller body. Combined mounting and magnetic ux transmitting means are provided for rotatably mounting the roller in the housing and for transmitting thereto the polarity of the pole portions of the pposite polarity.

The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantage thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific ernbodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which;

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a magnetic separator according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2 2 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of another embodiment of a magnetic separator according to the present invention.

Referring now to the drawings, and to Figs. 1 and 2 thereof in particular, there is shown a magnetic separator which includes a housing 1 made of magnetic material, the term magnetic material as referred to in the present specification and claims attached hereto being intended to include any material capable of being magnetized as, for example, ferromagnetic material.

A roller 2 is arranged within the housing 1 having end walls E1 and E2 and includes a substantially cylindrical roller body 3 made of magnetic material. This roller Patented Aug. 25, 1959 body 3 is formed with a pair of axially extending recesses 4 and 5 which open in the opposite end faces of the roller body, respectively, a central portion 6 separating the bottoms of the recesses 4 and l5. A pair of elongated permanent magnets 7 and 8 are arranged Within the recesses 4, '5, respectively. Each magnet has opposite pole portions indicated as N and S, the magnets being arranged in their respective recesses in such a manner that `the pole portions of like polarity, indicated in Fig. l as S, face each other.

As may best be seen in Fig. l, the depth of each recess is approximately equal to the length of the magnet located herein. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention the cross sectional configuration of each recess throughout approximately that half of its depth lwithin which the S pole portion of each magnet is arranged corresponds to the cross sectional configuration of this S pole portion so that the same is embedded, approximately as far as the mid portion or magnetically neutral zone of the magnet, in the roller body 3 and is in good physical contact therewith so that the S polarity is imparted to the roller body 3. The cross sectional configuration of the remainder of each recess is` greater than the cross sectional configuration of the N pole portion, the latter being spaced from the mass of the roller body 3 so as to be out of physical contact therewith so that the N polarity is imparted to the roller body. For instance, each recess may flare toward the respective end face of the roller body 3, as is clearly shown in Fig. l.

In this Way, the opposite poles of each magnet are spaced from each other in the direction of the axis of the roller body 3, with the facing S poles being in close physical contact with the roller body 3 and the outwardly directed N poles being out of physical contact therewith.

Suitable combined mounting and magnetic flux transmitting means are provided for rotatably mounting the roller 2 in the housing 1 and for transmitting thereto the polarity of the N poles. These means may include a pair of pole shoes 11 and 12 each of which is formed with a projecting head H at the inner end the end face of which is maintained in firm contact with the N pole of the respective magnet by means of one of two attaching elements 9 and 10 made of non-magnetic material. Each of these attaching elements is screwed into the roller body 3 and is formed with a counter-sunk -recess R adapted to receive and hold the head H of the respective pole shoe.

The opposite end of each pole shoe is rotatably mounted in the housing 1, and a suitable clutch or coupling portion, indicated generally at 13, is provided unitary with the pole shoe 11 for enabling the roller 2 to be mechanically coupled to a companion coupling portion of a driving arrangement so that the roller 2 may be rotated at any desired speed.

The pole shoes 11 and 12 constituting the respective ends of the roller 2 are mounted for rotation in respective end walls of the housing 1 by means of respective ball bearings B secured in place by respective retainer plates P1 and P2. Spaced inwardly from each bearing B there is provided an annular sealing means S around each of the respective pole shoes for sealing the same relative to the respective end Walls and for the protection of the respective bearings B.

It will be seen from the above that the roller 2 will have a S polarity imparted to it by the magnets 7 and 8, whereas these magnets will impart a N polarity to the housing 1 by way of the pole shoes 11 and 12. As a result, a closed or self-contained magnetic eld will exist in the space 14 between the outer periphery of the roller 2 and the housing 1. The point of concentration of this magnetic field will lie at the roller 2 inasmuch as the latter is in direct contact with the magnet 7 and 8, whereas the housing 1 is magnetized through the intermediary of the pole shoes 11 and 12. Thus, magnetic particles contained in a liquid passing through the space 14 will be attracted to and adhere to the roller 2. Consequently, these particles will be physically transported by the rotating roller 2 and can be continuously removed therefrom as, for example, by a scraper 19 (Fig. 2).

The housing 1 is formed with suitable inlet means. The latter may extend transversely to the axis of the roller 2 and be formed with a plurality of ow paths 15, as shown in Figs. l and 2. In either case, the housing is formed with outlets 16 which are arranged in the side walls at the level of the bottom of the lhous- If desired, the magnetic separator may be in the form of a multi-stage device and include at least two rollers 2 which are arranged at dii-ferent levels in such a manner that material to be subjected to separating action passes from the field of inuence of the upper roller to the field of influence of the lower roller. In that case, the medium to be treated is introduced through an inlet 17 and particles of magnetic ma-terial will be attracted by the upper roller and pass over the scraper 19a toward the lower roller. In this way, the medium is pre-separated by the upper roller, the lower roller then completing the separating action and carrying the additionally attracted particles together with those particles arriving by Way of the scraper 19a out of the housing 1 over the scraper 19h. The treated liquid is then passed out of the housing 1 by way of an outlet 18.

lf desired, the interior of the housing may be lined with a liner 26 made of non-magnetic material such as brass in sheet form. The latter may be formed with projecting portions 2,1 which extend toward the roller.

It `will be seen from the above that a magnetic separator according to the present invention will attract particles of magnetic material and will separate the same from the medium introduced into the separator housing. Moreover, it has been found that as a result of the existence of the closed magnetic eld which although stronger in the region of the roller acts within the entire space 14 between the roller and the housing, some particles of magnetic material will be dispersed throughout the entire space 14 and act as a mechanical filter capable of filtering out even non-magnetic particles.

It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find a useful application in other -types of magnetic separators differing from the types described above.

While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in a magnetic separator adapted to separate magnetic particles from tluid media, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modilications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can by applying current knowledge readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of the following claims.

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

l. In a magnetic separator, in combination, a housing made of magnetic material; a roller comprising a roller body made of magnetic material and being formed with a pair of axially extending recesses opening in the opposite end faces of said roller body, respectively, and a pair of elongated magnets each having opposite pole portions, said magnets being arranged partly in said recesses, respectively, in such a manner that the pole portions of like polarity are within the respective recesses, face each other and are in physical contact with said roller body and that the pole portions of the opposite polarity project exteriorly from the respective recesses and are therefore out of physical contact with said roller body; and combined mounting and magnetic ilux transmitting means for rotatably mounting said roller in said housing and for transmitting thereto the polarity of said pole portions of said opposite polarity, whereby a self-contained magnetic field is formed between said roller and said housing, the axial spacing of said inner pole portions from each other being such that their respective fluxes are diverted from and by each other in the roller body towards the respective ends thereof whereby a high flux density throughout the effective roller area facing opposite polarities of a corresponding area of the housing is obtained.

2. The combination as defined in claim l wherein the depth of each recess is approximately equal to the length of the magnet located therein, wherein the cross-sectional configuration of each recess throughout lapproximately that half of its depth within which the pole portion of said like polarity is arranged corresponds to the cross-sectional configuration of said magnet so that said pole portion thereof of said like polarity is embedded in said roller body, and wherein the cross-sectional configuration of the remainder of each recess is greater than the cross-sectional configuration of said magnet.

3. The combination as defined in claim 2 wherein said remainder of each recess flares toward the respective end face of said roller body.

4. In a magnetic separator, in combination, a housing made of magnetic material; a roller comprising a roller body made of magnetic material and being formed with a pair of axially extending recesses opening in the opposite end faces of said roller body, respectively, and a pair of elongated magnets each having opposite pole portions, said magnets being arranged in said recesses, respectively, in such a manner that the pole portions of like polarity are within the respective recesses, face each other and are in physical contact with said roller body and that the pole portions of the opposite polarity project exteriorly from the respective recesses and are theerfore out of physical contact with said roller body; and combined mounting and magnetic flux transmitting means for rotatably mounting said roller in said housing and for transmitting thereto the polarity of said pole portions of said opposite polarity, said combined means including a pair of pole shoes in physical contact with said pole portions of said opposite polarity and rotatably mounted in said housing, and attaching means for attaching said pole shoes to said roller, whereby a self-contained magnetic field is formed between said roller and said housing, the axial spacing of said inner pole portions from each other being such that their respective uxes are diverted from and by each other in the roller body towards the respective ends thereof whereby a high ilux density throughout the effective roller area facing opposite polarities of a corresponding area of the housing is obtained.

5. In a magnetic separator, in combination, a housing made of magnetic material; a roller comprising a roller body made of magnetic material and being formed with a pair of axially extending recesses opening in the opposite end faces of said roller body, respectively, and a pair of elongated magnets each having opposite pole portions, said magnets being arranged in said recesses, respectively, in such a manner that the pole portions of like polarity are within the respective recesses, face each other and are in physical contact with said roller body and that the pole portions of the opposite polarity project exteriorly from the respective recesses and are therefore out of physical contact with said roller body; and combined mounting and magnetic llux transmitting means for rotatably mounting said roller in said housing and for transmitting thereto the polarity of said pole portions of said opposite polarity, said combined means including a pair of pole shoes in physical contact with said pole portions of said opposite polarity and rotatably mounted in said housing, and attaching means for attaching said pole shoes to said roller and including a pair of attaching elements made of non-magnetic material in engagement with said roller body, whereby a self-contained magnetic eld is formed between said roller and said housing, the axial spacing of said inner pole portions from each other being such that their respective uxes are diverted from and by each other in the roller body towards the respective ends thereof whereby a high iiux density throughout the etective roller area facing opposite polarities of a corresponding area of the housing is obtained.

6. In a magnetic separator, in combination, a housing made of magnetic material; at least one roller comprising a roller body made of magnetic material and a pair of elongated magnets disposed at respective ends of said roller body each having opposite pole por-tions spaced from eac'h other in the direction of the axis of said roller body, the pole portions of like polarity being in physical contact with said roller body and the pole portions of the opposite polarity being out of physical contact with said roller body, the axial spacing of said inner pole portions from each other being such that their respective iluxes are diverted from and by each other in the roller body towards the respective ends thereof whereby a high ux density throughout the effective roller area facing opposite polarities of a corresponding area of the housing is obtained; and combined mounting and magnetic flux transmitting means for rotatably mounting said roller in said housing and for transmitting thereto the polarity of said pole portions of said opposite polarity; whereby a self-contained magnetic eld is formed between said roller and said housing.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,597,561 Blind May 2o, 1952 2,678,729 spodig May 1s, 1954 2,745,549 spodig May 15, 1956 

